Passover the Whole Bible Way - Exodus 12 in Christian Practice
God's Holidays for Everyone - Past, Present and Future Reasons to Celebrate
Start Somewhere
My family just has a nice dinner with lamb as the main course. Some
prefer a complicated Seder (a word that means 'order') that lasts four
hours. We do not see it necessary to complicate matters. The Bible is
pretty plain about what to do. We just do our best to follow. We think
God honors our intent, just like King Josiah.
Calendars
A group of people think that we have to use the moon to calculate
dates. We can find no biblical reason (or method) for this. One group we
met with even went so far as to say that if we didn't observe a feast on
the "correct" date we would not be saved. Hogwash. If dates were that
important, God would've told us. Since He didn't, the important thing is
to do it to the best of our ability.
Circumcision
One biblical requirement for observing Passover is circumcision
(males only). There are several types of circumcision, however. There is
a circumcision of the heart. There is one for the ears. There is one for
the male body part. All of these would be good to have, but especially
the circumcision of the heart. See also the article by Tim Hegg - link
at top of article.
Free booklet on the Spring Feasts for personal use
Christian Faith and Practice Through...Passover
"Don't be stiff necked now, as your ancestors
were. Instead, yield yourselves to Adonai, enter his sanctuary, which he
has made holy forever; and serve Adonai your God; so that his fierce
anger will turn away from you. For if you turn back to Adonai, your
kinsmen and children will find that those who took them captive will
have compassion on them, and they will come back to this land. Adonai
your God is compassionate and merciful; he will not turn his face away
from you if you return to him." 2 Chronicles 30:8,9
For those of us who have decided to hear and obey and stop listening
to the doctrines of men, this is an important occasion. And for those of
us who are rookies at submission to the whole Word of God including the
Torah, it might be a little difficult to tell exactly how we should
remember this "appointed
time." This article is not intended as a lengthy discussion of the
various details; rather, I just want to help get you started making more
room for the Word of God in your lives.
This is probably the most
complicated feast as far as Scripture references are concerned, and I
imagine a whole book could be written about just this subject. Most of
the practices involved with modern observation of the feasts and
festivals revolve around food, fellowship, teaching, and prayer. I won't
go into a detailed discussion of the legitimacy of sacrifices here, or
their presence or absence. As you continue, you will learn more and
more, and can refine your practice as your faith is strengthened.
There are actually three feasts associated so closely together that
many people refer to all three by the name Passover. The other two are
the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Hag
Ha'matzah, hawg-haw-mahts-ah) and First Fruits.
First Fruits (HaBikkurim, pronounced haw-bic-er-eem) is an offering of
the first part of the harvest. First Fruits also begins the countdown to
Shavuot (shah-voo-oat or Pentecost to us
Anglos), which is the day that the Law and the Spirit was given (a long
time apart in some people's reckoning, but more about that later).
Together, these four are known as the Spring festivals.
Passover
is on the 14th of the month of Nisan, sometime around the Gregorian
March or April (the common calendar in use today). If you get a Jewish
calendar it's easier to keep track. (Although these feasts are God's
feasts, not Jewish feasts). Unleavened Bread starts on the evening
of that day and goes for seven days (the first and last of which are
Sabbaths), and First Fruits is on the first Sabbath after the end of
Unleavened Bread. A lamb is sacrificed for Passover and a meal eaten,
bread that has not "risen" (and it's not even my pun - the best puns are
from God) is eaten for seven days at regular meals (as well as a
"sacrifice by fire" but we don't do that anymore - although some
people's cooking could fall into this category!), and a "wave offering"
is made of the first part of the harvest at First Fruits. Then seven
complete Sabbaths are counted (the counting of the omer) to set the time
for Pentecost (the feast of Weeks Deuteronomy 16:9-11).
An
interesting fact to note is that Passover is pre-figured in the Garden
by the clothing God made for Adam and Eve (Genesis 3:21-24), and also by
the ram that was the substitute for Isaac (Genesis 22:8, 13, 14). Yeshua
(Jesus) "fulfilled" this "appointed time" (boy is that a loaded term) on
the execution stake when He offered Himself as the Spotless Lamb to pay
the penalty for our sins. He is also The Unleavened Bread (hence the pun
about "risen"), and He is also our "Wave Offering" and the First Fruits
of God's Harvest. If the Messiah is not seen in the Torah then a veil is
still over the eyes of the observer, whether they are Jew or Gentile.
.
Bible Specifics for Passover
Exodus chapter 12 has most of the Scriptural specifics for the
observance of this day, but Leviticus 23 has some more detail and so
does Numbers 9:1-14.
On the tenth of the month get a lamb for each household, share
if needed (verses3 & 4).
It may be a sheep or goat, male, one year old (verse 5).
Keep it for four days (till the 14th of the month), kill it at
twilight (verse 6).
Put some of the blood on the lintel and doorposts of the house
(verse 7).
Eat the flesh, roasted, with unleavened bread and bitter herbs
(verse 8).
The complete carcass is to be roasted, not boiled or eaten raw.
Don't leave any till morning, burn the remainder.
Eat it in haste, dressed, with sandals on and staff at hand
(verse 11)
It is a permanent ordinance (verses 14, 17, 24, 42).
Eat unleavened bread for seven days (v.18). On the first day
remove all leaven from the house. Do not eat any leaven during this
time (verses 15, 19, 20).
Passover is the first day of Unleavened Bread (evening of 14th
is the same as the start of the 15th), and a Sabbath (verse 16). The
seventh day is also a Sabbath. These are in addition to regular
Sabbaths if on different days.
When children ask why, we are to tell them of the Exodus (verses
26, 27; 13:8,14-16). According to Yeshua (and Paul) we are to do
this in remembrance of Him (Luke 22:19; 1 Corinthians 10:16-21,
11:23-34).
Have a feast to the Lord on the seventh day of Unleavened Bread
(Exodus 13:6)
The Calendar Controversy
One of the things that is different between Exodus 12 and Leviticus
23 (and other texts) is that we don't splash some of the blood on the
doorposts and lintel. Also, the meal is supposed to be eaten in haste
(Exodus 12:11), but some people have turned it into a four to six-hour
ordeal through tradition and custom. Three of the seven feasts
(Unleavened Bread, Pentecost, and Tabernacles) are called "pilgrimage"
feasts where everyone is supposed to go to the "place where He puts His
Name" (Deuteronomy 16:16), but according to Deuteronomy 12:21 (cf.
Deuteronomy 14:24-26) if that place is too far away we can do them at
home.
So, Passover is on the 14th of Nisan (more on months in a
minute), and Unleavened Bread starts on the 15th, and goes for seven
days (the evening of the 14 is also the start of 15th of Nisan). The
first day (the 15th) is a Sabbath, and the 21st is also a Sabbath in
addition to regular Sabbaths (every time we turn around, rest). Between
the three calendars (Biblical, Jewish, and Gregorian which is used most
in the U.S.), and with days starting and ending at sundown, there can be
some confusion; I know I have to stop and think and I STILL get
confused. I hope I have written this down correctly and I haven't
confused YOU. So we stop eating leaven on the 15th (also a Sabbath) and
we can eat it on the evening of the 21st (another Sabbath). On the 14th,
before the feast starts, we go through our house and remove all the
leaven.
The calculating of months for Israel's calendar used to be by
watching for the new moon. Every so often a month was added to the year
to adjust for the drift between the cycles of the moon and the
agricultural season (driven by the sun). Sometime around the beginning
of the fourth millennium (just after the time of Yeshua) someone
calculated the cycles of the moon mathematically, and now the Jewish
calendar is set up around this calculation. The only problem was, this
removed God as the coordinator of the cycles, and some people are now
thinking of giving Him back His place by going back to the original
style of watching for the new moon. But don't get too uptight about
exact days, just do the best you can.
Another problem with using the lunar cycles to regulate the calendar
is that the months are out of sync with the Gregorian calendar, which is
based on the movements of the earth around the sun. This is why God's
appointed times move around compared to the calendar mostly in use today
(the Gregorian).
Details of Passover Observance for Believers
I am not an expert in all the details of timing, or procedures, or
comparisons to other events. And even if I were this would not be the
place to discuss all the nuances. Much is in flux right now as we read
the Word and try to understand what it means. All I know is what I read
and what I have learned from several of my teachers. I have not done an
exhaustive study although I am sure there is much to be gained from
such. You can begin to put some of these things together also, as you
gain understanding and familiarity with the Word. This is one of my
major points in teaching: start somewhere, and add more as you
understand. Don't hesitate to begin doing as much as you can for fear of
not knowing enough. Fear doesn't have a place in our relationship with
our Father except the kind that is from reverence, respect, and worship.
There are questions of who may eat of it (Exodus 12:42-45, 48, 49),
exactly what circumcision means (Genesis 17:1-15; Romans 4:9-12; 1
Corinthians 7:18; Colossians 2:6-14), where to eat it (Deuteronomy 16:2,
5 compare to Exodus 12) and where did the Scriptures command an egg on
the plate anyway? How do we balance Exodus 12:49 ("The same law shall
apply to the native as to the stranger that sojourns among you") with
Exodus 12:43 ("No foreigner is to eat of it")? It is my view that as
adopted sons, in the household of faith, we are free to partake of the
Pesach without penalty, as long as we ARE of the household of faith (1
Corinthians 11:23-34). As I've said before, balancing these things will
deepen your understanding, strengthen your faith, and enhance your
relationship to the Father and each other.
Some people go to
extremes to remove leaven from their houses. They will clean everything
from top to bottom (this is where the idea of Spring cleaning comes
from), and even use a feather to dust everything so there will be
absolutely no particle of leaven in the dwelling. But people take this
trouble to remove leaven from the home and do not even think of removing
the sin from their lives, which is what the removal of leaven
represents. As a matter of fact, we should concentrate on the removal of
sin from our selves more than finding microscopic traces of yeast or
baking soda in our home. Check out the example of King Josiah in 2 Kings
23:21-25 where he celebrated the Passover AND removed sin from the Land.
Have you ever wondered how Yeshua could both eat the Pesach meal and
BE the Pesach lamb? It is because the literal meaning of "twilight"
(Exodus 12:6) is "between the two evenings." Therefore He could eat the
Pesach meal on the first evening, as long as His execution took place
before the second evening. By the way, He had to be in the ground three
days AND three nights, so the conventional Christian teaching of a
Friday execution and a Sunday resurrection is wrong, no matter how you
combine the days and nights.
I want you to notice that the
sacrificing of the lamb on Pesach in Exodus 12 is not in connection with
the Temple at all; it was done at home. Later, when Israel was in the
Land, it was to be done at the "place where I put my Name" (Deuteronomy
16:2,6). Exactly where this is at the present day can be debated still.
It has been known to mean "the place where the Temple is," but if I
understand the Word properly then WE are the Temple, so what does this
really mean? This is something that needs more study. Apparently, if the
place where He puts His Name is too far away, we do it at home as
evidenced by Deuteronomy 12:21.
In 2 Chronicles 30:17 Hezekiah
prays that the Lord will not hold the sin of eating the Passover in a
way other than prescribed by Temple ritual against the people, and God
does not strike them. Although I wouldn't go so far as to say we could
do what we want, there appears to be some leeway. I have not actually
done this yet, but I am working up to buying a lamb or kid and
slaughtering it, and I may do it this year. It is not a pleasant
prospect to find a perfect lamb or kid, feed it and care for it for four
days while it wanders around the back yard bleating, become attached to
it, then slaughter it myself. However, at least one meaning that is
shown by this is that the sacrifice for sin is very, very personal, and
the price for my disobedience is very, very hard to pay.
One year
we attended a Seder (the word means "order" and is the traditional form
of the meal) at our church. Unfortunately, it was just treated as a
novelty, which removed some of the meaning. Another year we did a Seder
at home that was very good. The last couple of years my wife bought some
prepared lamb and we roasted it and ate it with a meal and some bitter
herbs (horseradish) and unleavened bread. I had a staff at hand, and we
ate it in haste. One year I may try to purchase a lamb or kid and go the
whole route; if we can we will try to find a family or two to share it
with, because it is quite a bit of meat for one meal. The main point I'm
trying to make is this is a growth process, and I add more as I
understand more. If you would like to participate with us let me know.
For leaven removal, our family makes it a project to read the
ingredients on all the food in the house and remove the ones with
leaven, yeast, or baking soda. You can take them to the garage or
storage building if you want - just remove them from the house and don't
eat them during Unleavened Bread. Bring them back afterward if you want,
until you get used to planning so you don't buy a bunch before hand. You
would be surprised at how many foods are made with leavening. You can
use the standard matzah wafers or any other bread without leaven for the
week.
Remember, don't allow the details to distract you from
beginning to making room for this feast. Start somewhere, even if you
just mark the day on the calendar, read the story of the Exodus and
perhaps the story of the execution of the Messiah, and have a nice meal.
Get a Jewish calendar and you can start keeping track of the placement
of the appointed times with your family, and try to purchase one of the
excellent books written to help with celebrating and "keeping" this
appointment with our God and Messiah.
Below is a video that covers the themes of the feasts and some
suggestions for practice.
May our Father bless your
efforts and produce much fruit through your practice.
"Obey and pay attention to everything I am
ordering you to do, so that things will go well with you and with your
descendants after you forever, as you do what Adonai sees as good and
right. When Adonai your God has cut off ahead of you the nations your
are entering in order to dispossess, and when you have dispossessed them
and are living in their land; be careful, after they have been destroyed
ahead of you, not to be trapped into following them; so that you inquire
after their gods and ask, 'How did these nations serve their gods? I
want to do the same.'" (Deuteronomy 12:28-30 CJB)
Shalom
Bruce Scott Bertram
Whole Bible Christianity
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